The epidemics in most countries in this region are still in their early stages. This gives an excellent opportunity for preventionmethods to limit further spread of the virus. However, there is a tremendous lack of surveillance throughout the region which may cause data to be unreliable. Evidence points to
heterosexual intercourse being the major route of transmission, but more information is needed as outbreaks of HIV in some populations may be being missed. By far the hardest hit country in the region is Sudan, which has been devastated by famine and civil war. It has hard to provide reliable data due to the instability of the country in recent years.
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